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1 φανερόω
φανερόω fut. φανερώσω; 1 aor. ἐφανέρωσα; pf. πεφανέρωκα. Pass.: 1 fut. φανερωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐφανερώθην; perf. πεφανέρωμαι (cp. φανέρωσις; Hdt. 6, 122 [a late interpolation]; Dionys, Hal. 10, 37; Cass. Dio 59, 18; 77, 15; PGoodsp 15, 19 [IV A.D.]; Jer 40:6; TestSol; TestAbr B; JosAs 12:2; AscIs 3; 13; Philo; Jos., Ant. 20, 76; Just., Tat., Mel.)① to cause to become visible, reveal, expose publicly (w. relatively more focus on the sensory aspect than on the cognitive as in 2 below. But distinctions are not always clear)ⓐ of personsα. act. of the Risen Lord J 21:1a; cp. 1b.β. pass. w. intr. sense show or reveal oneself, be revealed, appear τινί to someone Hs 2:1. ἡμᾶς φανερωθῆναι δεῖ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 2 Cor 5:10.—Esp. of Christ (Just., A I, 56, 1; Mel., P. 43, 302. Of the Logos φανερωθεὶς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Iren. 3, 11, 8 [Harv. II 47, 8]) of his appearance in the world ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί 1 Ti 3:16 (ALau, Manifest in Flesh, The Epiphany Christology of the Pastoral Epistles ’96); cp. B 5:6; 6:7, 9, 14; 12:10. θεοῦ ἀνθρωπίνως φανερουμένου IEph 19:3.—Hb 9:26; 1 Pt 1:20; 1J 1:2ab. The purpose of the appearing is given by a ἵνα clause 1J 3:5, 8; B 14:5; 2 Cl 14:2.—Of the appearing of the Risen Lord τοῖς μαθηταῖς J 21:14; cp. Mk 16:12 (ἐν ἑτέρᾳ μορφῇ), 14. Without a dat. B 15:9. Of the Second Advent Col 3:4a; 1 Pt 5:4; 1J 2:28; 3:2b.—ὑμεῖς σὺν αὐτῷ (i.e. Christ upon his return) φανερωθήσεσθε ἐν δόξῃ Col 3:4b. Of the Christian community ἡ ἐκκλησία πνευματικὴ οὖσα ἐφανερώθη ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ Χριστοῦ 2 Cl 14:3.ⓑ of things, pass. w. intr. sense (Jos, Ant. 17, 194; Hippol., Ref. 9, 5, 1; Theoph. Ant. 2, 4 [p. 102, 22]) become visible or known, be revealed Mk 4:22; 2 Cor 4:10f; Eph 5:13f; Rv 3:18. Foll. by an indirect quest. 1J 3:2a.② to cause to become known, disclose, show, make knownⓐ of thingsα. act. (PBrem 53, 26 [114 A.D.]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4) ἐφανέρωσεν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ J 2:11 (TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 18 [Stone p. 84] τὴν σαπρότητα; JosAs 12:2 τὰ ἀφανῆ; Jos., Vi. 231 φ. τὴν ὀργήν). ὁ θεὸς αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν God has shown them what can be known about God Ro 1:19 (s. AKlöpper, ZWT 47, 1904, 169–80). Cp. 1 Cor 4:5; Tit 1:3; 2 Cl 20:5; Dg 8:11 (w. ἀποκαλύπτειν); 9:1, 2b; 11:5; IRo 8:2. φανεροῦν τινι ἀποκάλυψιν disclose a revelation to someone Hv 3, 1, 2. κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν φανεροῦν τινι make known or show to someone in a revelation MPol 22:3. ἐπὶ σοὶ … φανερώσει κύριος τὸ λύτρον in connection with you the Lord will disclose salvation GJs 7:2. τῷ θεῷ τὴν ὀσμὴν τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ φανεροῦντι διʼ ἡμῶν to God who makes known through us the fragrance of the knowledge relating to him (prob. Christ, but s. REB and NRSV of God) 2 Cor 2:14. πάντα ὁ πατὴρ φανεροῖ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἰησοῦ B 12:8. (ὁ κύριος) πεφανέρωκεν ἡμῖν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν ὅτι κτλ. 2:4.— Make known by word of mouth, teach ἐφανέρωσά σου τὸ ὄνομα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις J 17:6 (though here the teaching is accompanied by a revelation that comes through a deed.—HHuber, D;. Begriff der Offenbarung im Joh. ev. ’34). ἐν παντὶ φανερώσαντες ἐν πᾶσιν εἰς ὑμᾶς in every way we have made this (i.e. τὴν γνῶσιν) plain to you, in the sight of all men 2 Cor 11:6. Cp. Col 4:4.— Disclose τοὺς γάμους GJs 15:2, 4.β. pass. w. intr. sense (Jos, Ant. 17, 194; Hippol., Ref. 9, 5, 1; Theoph. Ant. 2, 4 [p. 102, 22]) become public knowledge, be disclosed, become known J 3:21; 9:3; Ro 16:26; 2 Cor 7:12; Col 1:26; 2 Ti 1:10; Hb 9:8; 1J 4:9; Rv 15:4; B 7:7; IEph 19:2. Foll. by an indirect quest. 1J 3:2a. Foll. by ὅτι Dg 9:2a. χωρὶς νόμου δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ πεφανέρωται apart from law, the righteousness which is sent from God has been revealed Ro 3:21.ⓑ of personsα. act. ἑαυτόν show or reveal oneself: of God (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 47) διὰ Ἰησοῦ IMg 8:2.—Of Christ φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κόσμῳ J 7:4. Difft. ἐφανέρωσεν ἑαυτὸν εἶναι υἱὸν θεοῦ he revealed that he was the Son of God B 5:9.— Expose ἐὰν αὐτὴν φανερώσω τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ if I expose (Mary) to the Israelites GJs 14:1.β. pass. w. intr. sense be made known ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰσραήλ J 1:31. θεῷ πεφανερώμεθα we are well known to God 2 Cor 5:11a, cp. 11b; 11:6 v.l. (for φανερώσαντες). W. ὅτι foll. become known, be shown (that) 3:3; 1J 2:19 (logically impersonal, as ἠκούσθη in Mk 2:1).—MBockmuehl, Das Verb φανερόω im NT: BZ 32, ’88, 87–99.—DELG s.v. φαίνω. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
2 πορίζω
A , 1101, Th.6.29, etc., lateπορίσω Artem.2.68
: [tense] aor. : [tense] pf. :— [voice] Med., [tense] fut. [dialect] Att.ποριοῦμαι D.35.41
: [tense] aor.ἐπορισάμην Ar.Ra. 880
, etc.: —[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.πορισθήσομαι Th.6.37.94
: [tense] aor. ἐπορίσθην ib.37, etc., [dialect] Dor.- ίχθην Lysis
ap.Iamb.VP 17.75: [tense] pf.πεπόρισμαι Isoc.15.278
, D. 44.3 (in med. sense, Lys.29.7, Aeschin.3.209, Philem.123): [tense] plpf.ἐπεπόριστο Th.6.29
: ([etym.] πόρος):—rarely, like πορεύω, carry, bring, σὲ θεὸς ἐπόρισεν ἁμέτερα πρὸς μέλαθρα (prob. for ἐπῶρσεν, ἔπορσεν) S.El. 1267(lyr.).II bring about, furnish, provide,κακά τινι Hom.
Epigr. 14.10; νίκην, χρήματα, etc., Ar.Eq. 593, Ec. 236, Democr.78, IG22.834.14, etc.;ἀρχὴν πολέμου Ar.Fr.81
;τροφὴν τοῖς στρατιώταις Isoc.12.82
;τοῖς μαθηταῖς δόξαν, οὐκ ἀλήθειαν Pl.Phdr. 275a
: abs.,θεῶν ποριζόντων καλῶς E.Med. 879
: freq. with a notion of contriving or inventing, μηχανὰν κακῶν, πόρους, Id.Alc. 222 (lyr.), Ar.Eq. 759, etc.; ;π. τριβάς Ar.Ach. 386
;διαβολήν Th.6.29
;σωτηρίαν τῷ γένει Pl.Prt. 321b
;τῇ ζητήσει ἀπόκρισιν Id.Phlb. 30d
, etc.:—[voice] Med., furnish oneself with, procure, ; δαπάνην, χρήματα, ὅπλα, Th.1.83, 142, 4.9; τὰς ἡδονάς, τἀγαθά, τἀπιτήδεια, etc., Pl.Grg. 501b, La. 199e, Ax. 368b, etc.; ;τὰ δεῖπνα Alex.257.2
; καινὰ ῥήματα Philem.l.c.; ;ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων π. τὸν βίον Isoc.12.116
; alsoπ. μάρτυρας Lys. 29.7
;πρόφασιν Id.8.3
;λόγους περὶ ἀδίκων πραγμάτων D.35.41
;αἰτίας χρηστὰς ἐπὶ πράγμασι φαύλοις Plu.2.868d
: sts. alsoπορίζεσθαί τι ἑαυτοῖς X.HG5.1.17
, Pl.Smp. 208e; σημεῖα πεπορίσθαι to have acquired the signs, i.e. know them, Hp.Medic. 14; also, have provided for one, receive, Men.Prot.p.16D.:—[voice] Pass., to be provided,τὰ τῆς παρασκευῆς ἐπεπόριστο Th.6.29
; ῥᾳδίως αἱ ἐπαγωγαὶ.. ἐπορίζοντο inducements were easily provided, Id.3.82;δύναμις ἐκ θεῶν π. Pl.R. 364b
;πίστεις ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου πεπορισμέναι Isoc. 15.278
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1356a1;τὸ γηροβοσκοὺς κεκτῆσθαι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις πορίζεται X.Oec.7.19
; πράξεις πρὸς τὰ φύ χη καὶ τὰς ἀλέας πεπορισμέναι behaviour adapted to.., Arist.HA 596b22, cf. PA 665b3.2 [voice] Act. in med. sense, find money, raise a loan, PCair.Zen.477.16(iii B.C.); obtain,προστάγματα εἰς τὸ τιμωρηθῆναι αὐτούς PMich.Zen.57.9
(iii B.C.); earn,τὸ ζῆν ἀπὸ τῆς γερδιακῆς PLond.3.846.11
(ii A.D.):—[voice] Pass., ἀπ' ἄλλων συντόμως σοι πορισθὲν ἀποδοθήσεται (sc. τὸ ἀργύριον) PMich.Zen. 56.8 (iii B.C.). -
3 ποριζω
(fut. πορίσω и ποριῶ)1) приводить, привозить(τινὰ πρὸς μέλαθρά τινος Soph.)
2) доставлять, предоставлять, давать(πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποισιν ἀγαθόν Arph.; τροφέν, τοῖς στρατιώταις Isocr.; τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἀλήθειαν Plat.)
θεῶν ποριζόντων καλῶς Eur. — если боги (так) благосклонны;πορίζεσθαι τὰς ἡδονάς Plat. — доставлять себе наслаждения;πορίζεσθαι τέν δαπάνην Thuc. — добывать себе денежные средства;πορίζεσθαι μάρτυρας Lys. — доставать себе свидетелей;πορίζεσθαι τῇ ζητήσει ἀπόκρισιν Plat. — дать ответ на вопрос;ἤδη τὰ τῆς παρασκευῆς ἐπεπόριστο Thuc. — приготовления были уже закончены3) придумывать, изобретать(μηχανήν τινα κακῶν Eur.; med. πρόφασιν τῆς ἁμαρτίας Lys.)
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4 πορίζω
πορίζω, in den Gang oder auf den Weg bringen, τινί τι, Hom. ep. 14, 10; heimführen, εἴ σε ϑεὸς ἐπόρισεν πρὸς ἁμέτερα μέλαϑρα, Soph. El. 1259; – übertr. ausfindig machen, verschaffen, μηχανήν τινα κακῶν, Eur. Alc. 222; absolut, ϑεῶν ποριζόντων καλῶς, Med. 879; νίκην, πόρους, Ar. Equ. 591. 755; χρήματα, Eccl. 236; ἀγαϑόν, Plut. 461; u. oft in Prosa: σοφίας τοῖς μαϑηταῖς δόξαν, οὐκ ἀλήϑειαν πορίζεις, Plat. Phaedr. 275 a; πόρον ἱκανόν, Legg. VI, 752 d; σωτηρίαν τῷ γένει, Prot. 321 b; τῇ ἐμῇ ζητήσει πεπορικὼς ἀπόκρισιν, Phil. 30 d; auch = erwerben, Dem. 2, 16; Hesych. erklärt κερδαίνω. – Med., sich verschaffen, erwerben; ὅπλα, Thuc. 4, 9; ἡδονάς, μηχανήν, Plat. Gorg. 501 a Conv. 191 b; ἀϑανασίαν αὑτοῖς, 208 e, u. oft; ἑαυτῷ, Xen. Hell, 5, 1, 17; μάρτυρας πεπόρισται, Lys. 29, 7; πορίσασϑαι, πεπορίσϑαι σκῆψιν, einen Vorwand ersonnen haben, Pol. 5, 2, 9. 8, 28, 1; vgl. Philemon bei Ath. XIV, 659 c: καινὰ ῥήματα πεπορισμένος γάρ ἐστιν; u. so noch Folgde. – Πεπόρισται ist pass. Thuc. 6, 29 Isocr. 15, 278, wie ἐπορίσϑη 4, 28; u. so ist auch πορίζεται gebraucht Xen. Oec. 7, 19. – Bei den Mathematikern ist πορίζειν = aus dem Beweise noch einen Zusatz ableiten.
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5 φράζω
φράζω, zeigen, anzeigen, darlegen, angeben, von Hom. an häufige Homerische Formen: activ. aor. 1. φράσε Odyss. 11, 22, oft redupl. aor. 2., ἐπέφραδον Iliad. 10, 127, ἐπέφραδεν, πέφραδε, πεφράδοι Iliad. 14, 335, imperat. πέφραδε, πεφραδέμεν Odyss. 7, 49, πεφραδέειν Odyss. 19, 477; medium praes., φράζεαι, φραζώμεϑα, imperat. φράζεο, φράζεσϑαι u. s. w., imperf., φραζέσϑην Odyss. 13, 373, φράζετο Iliad. 16, 646, φραζόμεϑα Odyss. 3, 129, aor. 1. ἐφρασάμην, fut., φράσσεται, φράσομαι; pass. aor. in medialer Bedeutung, ἐφράσϑης Odyss. 19, 485. 23, 260. Nach Homer aor. 1. activ. häufiger, Hymn. Hom. Ven. 128 Merc. 442 Hesiod. frgm. 29 Pind. I. 4, 38 Herodot. 7, 213; dazu praes. activ., φράζει Herodot. 6, 100, imperf. ἔφραζε 4, 113; perf. πέφρακα Isocrat. Philipp. p. 101; fut. φράσεις Aristoph. Vesp. 335, φράσων Soph. Tr. 1122; perf. med. πέφρασμαι Aeschyl. Suppl. 438; perf. pass. πέφρασται Isocrat. Ἀντιδ. §. 195, τὸ μήπω πεφρασμένον Isocrat. Περὶ τοῦ ζεύγ. p. 355; praes. pass. μαϑεῖν τὰ φραζόμενα καὶ δεικνύμενα Xen. Cyrop. 4, 3,11. Das med. ist in Att. Prosa nicht gebräuchlich. – Das activ. hat bei Hom. nach Aristarchs Ansicht überall die Bedeutung » anzeigen«, διασημαίνειν, indicare, niemals die Bedeutung » sagen«, εἰπεῖν, und eben so wenig die Bedeutung des physischen » Zeigens«. welche denn doch wohl die ursprüngliche gewesen sein wird, und welche man versucht sein könnte in mehreren Homerischen Stellen anzunehmen, z. B. in der berühmten Stelle Iliad. 14, 500 ὁ δὲ φὴ κώδειαν ἀνασχών πέφραδέ τε Τρώεσσι καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα, er hob den Kopf wie eine κώδεια in die Höhe, zeigte ihn den Troern und sprach. Man vgl. z. B. Odyss. 7, 22. 29. 49, ὦ τέκος, οὐκ ἄν μοι δόμον ἀνέρος ἡγήσαιο Ἀλκινόου, τοιγὰρ ἐγώ τοι, ξεῖνε πάτερ, δόμον ὅν με κελεύεις δείξω, οὗτος δή τοι, ξεῖνε πάτερ, δόμος, ὅν με κελεύεις πεφραδέμεν; warum könnte hier πεφραδέμεν nicht das physische » zeigen« sein? – Daß φράζω bei Hom. niemals » sagen« heißt, ist unzweifelhaft. Odyss. 1, 273 heißt μῦϑον πέφραδε πᾶσι »lege Allen den Sachverhalt dar«, »zeige an«, nicht »sprich das Wort«. Aehnlich πέφραδε μῦϑον oder μύϑῳ Odyss. 8, 142, welchen Vers übrigens nach Schol l. Didym. Zenodot, Aristophanes Byz. und Aristarch nicht kannten. – Das medium heißt »sich Etwas zeigen«, »sich Etwas anzeigen«, d. h. wahrnehmen, finden, erfinden, entdecken, ersinnen, überlegen, denken. Man kann dies »wahrnehmen« bei Hom. wohl überall vom rein Geistigen verstehn; doch sind auch hier wieder einige Stellen, wo es vielleicht eben so gut vom Physischen verstanden werden kann, z. B. Iliad. 10, 339 τὸν δὲ φράσατο προσιόντα Ὀδυσεύς. – Iliad. 1, 83 schrieb Zenodot σὺ δὲ φράσον εἴ με σαώσεις, »zeige mir an, ob du mich schützen wirst«, Aristarch dagegen σὺ δὲ φράσαι εἴ με σαώσεις, »überlege es dir, ob du mich schützen wirst«, s. Scholl. Aristonic. Ueber die ganze Aristarchische Lehre von der Bedeutung des Wortes s. Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 84. – Neben δεικνύναι H. h. Ven. 128; ἐς χῶρον, ὃν φράσε Κίρκη Od. 11, 22; vgl. Il. 23, 138; ᾑ οἱ Ἀϑήνη πέφραδε δῖον ὑφορβόν Od. 14, 3; σήματα πέφραδε, 19, 250. 23, 206. 24, 346; τῇ χειρὶ φράζειν, mit der Hand andeuten, ein Zeichen geben, Her. 4, 113; φράσσατέ μοι δόμους, zeiget sie mir, Pind. P. 4, 117; kundmachen, ϑεοῖσι δὲ πᾶσι μετελϑὼν πεφράδοι Il. 14, 335; λόγον τινί, Pind. Ol. 2, 66; εἰ ῥητὸν φράσον Aesch. Prom. 767; σοὶ πρῶτον, Ἰοῖ, πολύδονον πλάνην φράσω 790; Soph. Phil. 49 u. sonst, wie Eur.; in Prosa, ἔφρασαν οὐδὲν τοῖσι ἀγγέλοις Her. 9, 10; ἔφρασέ οἱ τὴν ἀτραπόν 7, 213; φράζει αὐτοῖς πάντα τὰ παρεόντα πρήγματα 6, 100; φράσαι κάλλιστα περί τινος, Isocr. 2, 41; Plat. Polit. 262 c; τὰ τοιαῦτα τοῖς μαϑηταῖς ἐπὶ σχολῆς φράζουσιν Theaet. 180 b; φράζε Λυσίᾳ ὅτι Phaedr. 278 b; τόδε δέ μοι φράζε ἔτι σαφέστερον Legg. I, 626 b; ἀλλ' ἐγὼ πειράσομαι φράσαι ὅ γέ μοι φαίνεται εἶναι ἡ ῥητορική Gorg. 463 e; Xen. u. A.; ἔπεμψεν ἐπιστολὴν φράζο υσαν ὡς μὴ δέοι Plut. Timol. 7; – c. inf., befehlen, hei ßen, ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέεσϑαι Il. 10, 127; Od. 8, 68; absolut, c. dat. der Person, δὴ γάρ μοι ἐπέφραδε πότνια Κίρκη 10, 549; vgl. Aesch. Eum. 593; einen Rath geben, eingeben, Soph. El. 190; vom Orakel, Ar. Equ. 1037 Plut. 46. – Häufig bei Dichtern und Her. im med. φράζομαι, φραζέσκετο H. h. Apoll. 19. 485, ἐφρασάμην, ἐφράσϑην, πέφρασμαι; εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι ἅσσ' ἐϑέλῃσϑα Il. 1, 554; οὐ γὰρ ἔτ' ἀμ φὶς ἀϑάνατοι φράζονται 2, 14, verschiedener Meinung sein; ἐπίφρονι βουλῇ φραζόμεϑ' Ἀργείοισιν ὅπως ὄχ' ἄριστα γένοιτο Od. 3, 129; 17, 279. 20, 43. 23, 122; Aesch. Ch. 111. 585; Soph. Ant. 1035; Eur. u. Ar.; φράζεσϑαι βουλάς, Od. 11, 510; ϑυμῷ Il. 16, 646; ὄφρ' ἄλλην φράζωνται ἐνὶ φρεσὶ μῆτιν 9, 423; μετὰ φρεσίν Hes. Op. 688; σοὶ κακὰ φράζονται, sie ersinnen dir Übles, Od. 2, 367; φραζέσϑην μνηστῆρσιν ὑπερφιάλοισιν ὄλεϑρον 13, 373; ἡμῖν φραζομένη ϑάνατον 24, 127; ὄνειαρ 4, 444; τινὶ ἠρίον, Einem ein Grabmahl zu setzen beschließen, Il. 23, 126; αὐτὸς ἐγὼ φράσομαι ἔργον τε ἔπος τε 15, 234; τὰ μὲν νοέω καὶ φράσσομαι, ἅσσ' ἂν ἐμοί περ αὐτῇ μηδοίμην Od. 5, 188; φράσ-σεται, ὥς κε νέηται 1, 205; meinen, sich einbilden, οὐ γὰρ ἔτ' ἄλλον φράζετο τοῦδέ τί μοι χαλεπώτερον εἶναι ἄεϑλον 11, 624; bemerken, wahrnehmen, τὸν δὲ φράσατο προςιόντα, Il. 10, 339; 15, 671. 23, 450. 453. 24, 352 Od. 17, 161; ἐφράσϑη καὶ εἰς ϑυμὸν ἐβάλετο Her. 1, 84, vgl. 5, 92. 7, 46. 9, 19; – erkennen, einsehen, begreifen, οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ ἀλλήλους εἶδον, φράσσαντό τε πάντα Od. 10, 453; εὖ νυ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ φράσομαι καὶ εἴσομ' ἑκάστην 19, 501; vgl. 21, 222. 12, 75. 114; τὶ ὀφϑαλμοῖς, 24, 217; τὶ ϑυμῷ, 24, 391; beobachten, im Auge behalten, 22, 129; sich wovor hüten, φράσσασϑαι ξύλινον λόχον Orac. bei Her. 3, 57; Pind. I. 1, 68; ἐφράσϑη N. 5, 34; λάβε, φράζου Aesch. Eum. 125; c. gen., voraussehen, ahnen, Arat. 744 χειμῶνος ἐφράσσατο.
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6 δια-τάσσω
δια-τάσσω, att. διατάττω, anordnen, festsetzen, νόμον, Hes. O. 274; Theogn. 74; πάντα ταῦτα ἔμμετρα δεῖ τὸν νόμον διατάττειν Plat. Legg. V, 746 e, u. öfter; τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἰβηρίαν Pol. 11, 33; φόροι διαταχϑέντες, bestimmte Steuern, 3, 33, 6; bes. = in Reihe u. Glied, in Schlachtordnung stellen, Her. 6, 112. 117; στρατόν 7, 81; Xen. Cyr. 8, 5, 15 u. sonst; dah. pass., in Reihe u. Glied gestellt werden, oft bei Histor.; διατέταγμαι ἐπορᾶν, ich bin beordert worden, Her. 1, 100; auch διατετάχϑαι, an verschiedenen Orten aufgestellt sein, 7, 124. 8, 34. – Sp. oft absolut, τοῖς μαϑηταῖς Matth. 11, 1. – Med., sich in Schlachtordnung stellen, Ar. Vesp. 360; Xen. öfter; durch ein Testament verfügen, Plut.; vgl. Lucill. 77 (XI, 133). Auch = act., an seinen Ort stellen, Plat. Phaedr. 271 b.
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7 επιλυω
1) развязывать, распускать(τὰ δεσμά Theocr.)
2) отвязывать, спускать (с привязи)(κύνας Xen.)
3) перен., тж. med. развязывать, давать свободу, разнуздывать(τοὺς κακούργους Luc.)
οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς ἐπιλύεται ἥ ἡλικία τὸ μέ οὐχὴ ἀγανακτεῖν Plat. — возраст нисколько не мешает им роптать4) разрешать, объяснять(ἀπορία τις ἐπιλύεται Arst.; πάντα τοῖς μαθηταῖς NT.)
5) опровергать6) ослаблять, расшатыватьτούτους μὲν ἐπιλύσεσθαι, ἐκείνους δὲ μεῖζον δυνήσεσθαι Lys. — (они боятся, что сами) утратят свою силу, а те, напротив, усилятся
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8 ἐπιλύω
A loose, untie,δεσμά Theoc.Adon.42
; ἐ.κύνας let slip dogs, X.Cyn.7.8: generally, set free, release,τοὺς κακούργους τῷ πολέμῳ Luc.Par.50
:—[voice] Med., ; ἐπιλύεσθαι ἐπιστολάς openthem, Hdn.4.12.8; Ἐπιλυσαμένη, epith. of various divinities, Hsch.2. solve, explain, πάντα τοῖςμαθηταῖς Ev.Marc.4.34
:—[voice] Pass.,S.E.P.2.246,Sch.Od.9.106:—[voice] Med., J.AJ8.6.5, Vett.Val.259.4, Ath.10.45of, al.: [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass. ἐπιλελυμένος lucid, of writings, Vett.Val.329.25.3. confute an accusation, Luc.Bis Acc.30.4. [voice] Med., manumit, Delph.3(2).233 (ii B.C.).5. release, discharge a debtor, ἀπὸ τᾶν κοινᾶν ποθόδων ἐπιλυθῆμεν (inf. [voice] Pass.)τοὺς ἐρρυτιασμένους Schwyzer 104.7
(Troezen, ii B.C.): pay, c. dat. pers., ib.12:—[voice] Med., discharge a debt,δάνειον PGrenf.1.26.2
(ii B.C.).II. [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense, lose strength, give in, Lys.25.33 (dub.l.). -
9 καί
καί conjunction (Hom.+), found most frequently by far of all Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here than in other Gk. lit. but oft. in a different sense, or rather in different circumstances, it contributes greatly to some of the distinctive coloring of the NT style.—HMcArthur, ΚΑΙ Frequency in Greek Letters, NTS 15, ’68/69, 339–49. The vivacious versatility of κ. (for earlier Gk. s. Denniston 289–327) can easily be depressed by the tr. ‘and’, whose repetition in a brief area of text lacks the support of arresting aspects of Gk. syntax.① marker of connections, andⓐ single wordsα. gener. Ἰάκωβος καὶ Ἰωσὴφ καὶ Σίμων καὶ Ἰούδας Mt 13:55. χρυσὸν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν 2:11. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή Ro 7:12. πολυμερῶς κ. πολυτρόπως Hb 1:1. ὁ θεὸς κ. πατήρ God, who is also the Father 1 Cor 15:24; cp. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of the same word for emphasis (OGI 90, 19 [196 B.C.] Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας κ. μέγας; pap in Mayser II/1, 54) μείζων κ. μείζων greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6. ἔτι κ. ἔτι again and again B 21:4; Hs 2, 6 (B-D-F §493, 1; 2; s. Rob. 1200).β. w. numerals, w. the larger number first δέκα καὶ ὁκτώ Lk 13:16. τεσσεράκοντα κ. ἕξ J 2:20. τετρακόσιοι κ. πεντήκοντα Ac 13:20.—The καί in 2 Cor 13:1 ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα=‘or’ ([v.l. ἢ τριῶν for καὶ τριῶν as it reads Mt 18:16]; cp. Js 4:13 v.l. σήμερον καὶ αὔριον=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phd. 63e; X., De Re Equ. 4, 4 ἁμάξας τέτταρας καὶ πέντε; Heraclides, Pol. 58 τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας; Polyb. 3, 51, 12 ἐπὶ δυεῖν καὶ τρισὶν ἡμέραις; 5, 90, 6; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 28 εἷς καὶ δύο=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W. τριέτης καὶ τετραέτης) by the statement of two or three witnesses every charge must be sustained, as explained by Dt 19:15.γ. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239 τὸν Δία καὶ τοὺς θεούς; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1) Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι Peter and the rest of the apostles Ac 5:29. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς κ. τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον the high priest and all the rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the whole and especially (πᾶς Ἰουδὰ καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ 2 Ch 35:24; cp. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6) τοῖς μαθηταῖς κ. τῷ Πέτρῳ Mk 16:7. σὺν γυναιξὶ κ. Μαριάμ Ac 1:14.δ. The expr. connected by καί can be united in the form of a hendiadys (Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2 χρόνος καὶ καρπός=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6, 9, 4; 6, 57, 5 ὑπεροχὴ καὶ δυναστεία=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1 ὑπεροχὴ τῆς δυναστείας; Diod S 5, 67, 3 πρὸς ἀνανέωσιν καὶ μνήμην=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2 ἀνάγκη καὶ τύχη=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2 ἐπιβουλὴ κ. θάνατος=a fatal plot; Jos., Ant. 12, 98 μετὰ χαρᾶς κ. βοῆς=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82 ἀκρίβεια κ. φυλακή) ἐξίσταντο ἐπὶ τῇ συνέσει καὶ ταῖς ἀποκρίσεσιν αὐτοῦ they were amazed at his intelligent answers Lk 2:47. δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα κ. σοφίαν I will give you wise utterance 21:15. τροφὴ κ. εὐφροσύνη joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17. ἐλπὶς κ. ἀνάστασις hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29 ἐλπὶς καὶ σωτηρία; s. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, ConNeot 4, ’40, 1–4).ε. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should be a ptc. (s. B-D-F §471; Rob. 1135f) ἀποτολμᾷ κ. λέγει = ἀποτολμῶν λέγει he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20. ἔσκαψεν κ. ἐβάθυνεν (=βαθύνας) Lk 6:48. ἐκρύβη κ. ἐξῆλθεν (=ἐξελθών) J 8:59. Sim. χαίρων κ. βλέπων I am glad to see Col 2:5. Linking of subordinate clause and ptc. Μαριὰμ ὡς ἦλθεν … καὶ ἰδοῦσα J 11:32 v.l. Cp. παραλαβών … καὶ ἀνέβη Lk 9:28 v.l.ⓑ clauses and sentencesα. gener.: ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει κ. τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). εἰσῆλθον … κ. ἐδίδασκον Ac 5:21. διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ κ. συνάξει τὸν σῖτον Mt 3:12. κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία Ro 4:14 and very oft. Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or quotations (e.g. Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).β. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the speech of everyday life, of using κ. as a connective where more discriminating usage would call for other particles: καὶ εἶδον καὶ (for ὅτι) σεισμὸς ἐγένετο Rv 6:12. καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς … καὶ (for ὅτι) ἔλεγον and the king learned that they were saying Mk 6:14 (s. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90–92; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96, ’43/44, 119–31). τέξεται υἱὸν καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (for οὗ τὸ ὄνομα καλ.) Mt 1:21; cp. Lk 6:6; 11:44. καλόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι καὶ ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς Mk 9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative καὶ ἐγένετο … καὶ (like וַ … וַיְהִי) and it happened or came about … that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1 v.l. (for ἐγένετο δὲ … καὶ; so also the text of 6:12), 12, 17; 14:1; 17:11 al. (Gen 7:10 al.; JosAs 11:1; 22:1). S. MJohannessohn, Das bibl. Καὶ ἐγένετο u. seine Geschichte, 1926 (fr. ZVS 35, 1925, 161–212); KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29–62; Mlt-Turner 334f; ÉDelebecque, Études Grecques sur L’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65; JVoelz, The Language of the NT: ANRW II/25/2, 893–977, esp. 959–64.—As in popular speech, κ. is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9ff; Mk 1:12ff; Lk 18:32ff; J 2:13ff; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12ff; 9:1ff. On this kind of colloquial speech, which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other (parataxis rather than hypotaxis) s. B-D-F §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO 105ff (LAE 129ff), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2–4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.γ. It is also coordination rather than subordination when κ. connects an expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50, 5; Pla., Symp. 220c; Aeschin. 3, 71 νὺξ ἐν μέσῳ καὶ παρῆμεν; s. B-D-F §442, 4; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm. 1913, 640*): ἤγγικεν ἡ ὥρα κ. παραδίδοται the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. κ. ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτόν when they crucified him Mk 15:25. κ. ἀνέβη εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα when he went up to Jerusalem J 2:13. κ. συντελέσω when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cp. J 4:35; 7:33; Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.δ. καί introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr./LXX infl. (B-D-F §442, 7; Abel §78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66–72; but not offensive to ears trained in good Gk.: s. Il. 1, 478; Hdt. 1, 79, 2; sim.Thu. 2, 93, 4 ὡς ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐχώρουν εὐθύς; 8, 27, 5; Herm. Wr. 13, 1 …, καὶ ἔφης; Delebecque [s. above in β] 130–32) καὶ ὅτε ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ …, κ. ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 3:20. Also κ. ἰδού in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.ε. connecting negative and affirmative clauses Lk 3:14. οὔτε ἄντλημα ἔχεις κ. τὸ φρέαρ ἐστὶ βαθύ you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cp. 3J 10 (οὔτε … καί Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, NA 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 2, 4 οὔτε πάντα ἡ Λεσβία, Δωρί, πρὸς σὲ ἐψεύσατο καὶ σὺ τἀληθῆ ἀπήγγελκας Μυρτίῳ ‘It wasn’t all lies that Lesbia told you, Doris; and you certainly reported the truth to Myrtium’). After a negative clause, which influences the clause beginning w. καί: μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν … κ. στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Mt 7:6; cp. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27 (Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.ζ. to introduce a result that comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt 5:15; 23:32; Mk 8:34; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19. καὶ ἔχομεν and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. after the impv., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410ff θέσθε … καὶ … οἴσει, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17) δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου καὶ ποιήσω and then I will make Mt 4:19. εἰπὲ λόγῳ, κ. ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cp. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv 4:1.—καί introduces a short clause that confirms the existence of someth. that ought to be: ἵνα τέκνα θεοῦ κληθῶμεν, καὶ ἐσμέν that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (καλέω 1d) 1J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161 they were to conquer Sardinia, καὶ κατέλαβον=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531 one day would decide [κρίνειν] the fate of Rome, καὶ ἐκρίθη).η. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet, and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29 Kayser] ῥητορικώτατον καὶ δεινόν; Longus, Past. 4, 17 βουκόλος ἦν Ἀγχίσης καὶ ἔσχεν αὐτὸν Ἀφροδίτη) κ. σὺ ἔρχῃ πρὸς μέ; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cp. 6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with an attempt of some kind (JBlomqvist, Das sogennante και adversativum ’79): but ζητεῖ κ. οὐχ εὑρίσκει but he finds none (no resting place) Mt 12:43. ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν κ. οὐχ εἶδαν but did not see (it) 13:17; cp. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18. Cp. GJs 18:3 (not pap). Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response καὶ ἀποδώσεις μοι Hv 2, 1, 3.θ. to introduce an abrupt question, which may often express wonder, ill-will, incredulity, etc. (B-D-F §442, 8. For older lit. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p. 247f; for later times EColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): κ. πόθεν μοι τοῦτο; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. κ. τίς; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J 9:36. καὶ τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; how does it happen that … ? 14:22. καὶ πῶς σὺ λέγεις … ; how is it, then, that you say … J 14:9 v.l. W. a protasis εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ λυπῶ ὑμᾶς, κ. τίς ὁ εὐφραίνων με; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cp. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 εἰ [ὁ θεὸς] ψεύδεται, καὶ τίς ἀληθεύει;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (s. ADebrunner, GGA 1926, 151): εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτο μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι; οὐ γνωρίζω but if living on here means further productive work, then which shall I choose? I really don’t know. καὶ πῶς αὐτοῦ υἱός ἐστιν; how, then, is he his son? Lk 20:44 (cp. Gen 39:9).ι. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—B-D-F §465, 1; Rob. 1182) κ. ἐκωλύθην ἄρχι τοῦ δεῦρο but so far I have been prevented Ro 1:13.ⓒ oft. explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of καί w. another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so, that is, namely (PPetr II, 18 [1], 9 πληγὰς … καὶ πλείους=blows … indeed many of them.—Kühner-G. II 247; B-D-F §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt-Turner 335) χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν grace, that is, the office of an apostle Ro 1:5. ἀπήγγειλαν πάντα καὶ τὰ τ. δαιμονιζομένων they told everything, namely what had happened to those who were possessed Mt 8:33. καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cp. 1 Cor 3:5; 15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are καὶ οὗτος, καὶ τοῦτο, καὶ ταῦτα (the first and last are in earlier Gk.: Hdt., X. et al.; s. Kühner-G. I 647; II 247) and, also ascensive and indeed, and at that Ἰ. Χρ., καὶ τοῦτον ἐσταυρωμένον J. Chr., (and) indeed him on the cross 1 Cor 2:2. καὶ τοῦτο Ro 13:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8. καὶ ταῦτα w. ptc. and to be sure Hb 11:12. See B-D-F §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of καί is also plain in Ῥωμαῖον καὶ ἀκατάκριτον a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac 22:25. ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25. προσέθηκεν καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πᾶσιν καὶ κατέκλεισεν τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐν φυλακῇ added this on top of everything else, namely to put John in prison Lk 3:20.ⓓ After πολύς and before a second adj. καί is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of modern lang. (earlier Gk.: Hom. et al. [Kühner-G. II 252, 1]; cp. Cebes 1, 1 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα ἀναθήματα; 2, 3; B-D-F §442, 11) πολλὰ … κ. ἄλλα σημεῖα many other signs J 20:30 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 318). πολλὰ κ. βαρέα αἰτιώματα many severe charges Ac 25:7. πολλὰ … καὶ ἕτερα Lk 3:18 (cp. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6 πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα). πολλοὶ καὶ ἀνυπότακτοι Tit 1:10.ⓔ introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27, 35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and oft.ⓕ καί … καί both … and, not only …, but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141b καὶ ἀπιστεῖν ἔξεστι καὶ πιστεύειν.—B-D-F §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Mk 4:41; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. κ. ἐν ὀλίγῳ κ. ἐν μεγάλῳ Ac 26:29. κ. ἅπαξ κ. δίς (s. ἅπαξ 1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts: although … yet (Anthol. VII, 676 Δοῦλος Ἐπίκτητος γενόμην καὶ σῶμʼ ἀνάπηρος καὶ πενίην ῏Ιρος καὶ φίλος ἀθανάτοις ‘I was Epictetus, a slave; crippled in body and an Iros [a beggar in Hom., Od.] in poverty, but dear to the Immortals’) J 15:24; Ac 23:3. καὶ … κ. οὐ Lk 5:36; J 6:36. καὶ οὐ … καί 17:25; κ. … κ. now … now Mk 9:22. On τὲ … καί s. τέ 2c. Somet. w. ἤ q.v. 1aβ.—HCadbury, Superfluous καί in the Lord’s Prayer (i.e. Mt 6:12) and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHatch Festschr.) ’46.② marker to indicate an additive relation that is not coordinate to connect clauses and sentences, also, likewise, funct. as an adv.ⓐ simply κ. τὴν ἄλλην the other one also Mt 5:39; cp. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and oft. Freq. used w. pronouns κἀγώ (q.v.). καὶ σύ Mt 26:73. κ. ὑμεῖς 20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and oft. κ. αὐτός (s. αὐτός 1f).ⓑ intensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; Lk 10:17; J 14:9 v.l.; Ac 5:39; 22:28; Ro 9:24 (ἀλλὰ καί); 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19 (but s. d below); Jd 23; Hs 5, 2, 10; 7:1; ἔτι καὶ νῦν Dg 2:3. CBlackman, JBL 87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b: … even in the act of declaring righteous (cp. the gen. abs. Polemon Soph. B 14 Reader καὶ Δάτιδος ἀποπλέοντος=even though Datis was sailing away). In formulas expressing a wish: ὄφελον καί if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w. a comparative: κ. περισσότερον προφήτου one who is even more than a prophet Mt 11:9. κ. μείζονα ποιήσει J 14:12.ⓒ In sentences denoting a contrast καί appears in var. ways, somet. in both members of the comparison, and oft. pleonastically, to our way of thinking καθάπερ …, οὕτως καί as …, thus also 2 Cor 8:11. ὥσπερ …, οὕτως καί (Hyperid. 1, 2, 5–8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. ὡς …, οὕτως καί Ro 5:15, 18. ὸ̔ν τρόπον …, οὕτως καί 2 Ti 3:8.—οὕτως καί thus also Ro 6:11. ὡσαύτως καί in the same way also 1 Cor 11:25. ὁμοίως καί (Jos., Bell. 2, 575) J 6:11; Jd 8. ὡς καί Ac 11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5. καθὼς καί Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17. καθάπερ καί Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—καί can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng. so also, so. ὡς … καί Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20. καθὼς … καί Lk 6:31 v.l.; J 6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—οἷος …, τοιοῦτος καί 1 Cor 15:48. After a comp. ὅσῳ καί by so much also Hb 8:6. καί is found in both members of the comparison (s. Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14. καθὼς καὶ … οὕτως καί Col 3:13 (cp. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20–25 ὥσπερ καὶ … οὕτω καί; 3, 38).ⓓ w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree διὰ τοῦτο καί for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18. διὸ καί Lk 1:35; Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12. εἰς τοῦτο καί 2 Cor 2:9. ὥστε καί 1 Pt 4:19 (but this pass. may well fit in b). ὅθεν καί Hb 7:25; 11:19.ⓔ after an interrogative (as Thu., X., et al.; s. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also B-D-F §442, 14) at all, still ἱνατί καὶ τ. γῆν καταργεῖ; Lk 13:7. τί καί; (Hyperid. 3, 14 τί καὶ ἀδικεῖ; what kind of wrong, then, is he committing?) τί καὶ ἐλπίζει; why does he still (need to) hope? Ro 8:24. v.l. τί καὶ βαπτίζονται; why are they baptized (at all)? 1 Cor 15:29; cp. vs. 30.ⓕ used w. a relative, it oft. gives greater independence to the foll. relative clause: Mk 3:14; Lk 10:30; J 11:2 v.l.; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29 al.ⓖ used pleonastically w. prep.α. μετά (BGU 412, 6 μετὰ καὶ τ. υἱοῦ) Phil 4:3.β. σύν (ins in PASA III 612; PFay 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 (BS 265f).ⓗ w. double names ὁ καί who is also called … (the earliest ex. in a fragment of Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 15, 51 p. 469, 23 Jac. ῏Ωχος καὶ Δαρειαῖος [s. Hatch 141]; OGI 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636; POxy 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12, 285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der Atticismus III 1893, 338; Dssm., B 181ff [BS 313–17]. Lit. in B-D-F §268, 1) Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9. Ἰγνάτιος, ὁ καὶ Θεοφόρος ins of all the letters of Ign.ⓘ with other particlesα. καὶ γάρ for (s. γάρ 1b).—καὶ γὰρ … ἀλλά (or granted that … but) 2 Cor 13:4; Phil 2:27.—καὶ γὰρ οὐ(κ): neither 1 Cor 11:9; for even … not 2 Cor 3:10.β. καί γε (without intervening word [opp. earlier Gk, e.g. Pla., Phd. 58d; Rep. 7, 531a]: Hippocr., Septim. 9, VII 450 Littré; Cornutus p. 40, 12; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; Rhetor Apsines [III A.D.] p. 332, 17 Hammer; TestReub 4:4 al.; for גָּם always in Theod. [DBarthélemy, Les devanciers d’Aquila ’63, 31ff]), weakened force: (if) only or at least Lk 19:42 v.l.; intensive: indeed (Jos. Ant 29, 19) Ac 2:18 (J 3:2 v.l.; Mel., P. 30, 207); Hm 8:5; 9:9. καί γε οὐ μακράν= and indeed God is not far Ac 17:27.—Kühner-G. II 176b; Schwyzer II 561; B-D-F §439, 2; Rdm.2 35–37.γ. καὶ … δέ and also, but also (s. δέ 5b).δ. καίτοι (Il. 13, 267 et al., ins, pap; 4 Macc 2:6; 5:18; 7:13; Ath. 8, 1 al.; Mel., P. 58, 422) particle (B-D-F §425, 1; 450, 3; Rob. 1129 and 1154) w. finite verb (Chion, Ep. 3, 1; Jos. Ant. 5, 78) yet, on the other hand Ac 14:17. W. gen. abs. foll. (BGU 850, 4 [76 A.D.] καίτοι ἐμοῦ σε πολλὰ ἐρωτήσαντος; 898, 26; Philo, Vi. Mos. 1, 20; Jos., Ant. 2, 321; Ath. 19, 2; 25, 2) Hb 4:3.—καίτοι γε or καί τοι γε (since Aristoph., Ach. 611; but esp. in later Gk. [cp. Schwyzer II 561; MMeister, De Aiocho dial., Breslau diss. 1915 p. 31, 5]; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 364b; Jos., Bell. 1, 7, Ant. 5, 36; Epict. 3, 24, 90; Just., A II, 11, 2; D. 7, 3; Ath. 3, 1; 22, 7; SIG 685, 76 and 82 [139 B.C.]) although J 4:2; Ac 14:17 v.l.; Dg 8:3. W. part. foll. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Mel., P. 58, 422) AcPt Ox 849, 18.—Kühner-G. II 151f; B-D-F §439, 1; 450, 3.—For ἀλλὰ κ., δὲ και, ἐὰν κ., εἰ κ., ἢ κ. s. ἀλλά, δέ, ἐάν, εἰ, ἤ.—ERobson, KAI-Configurations in the Gk. NT, 3 vols. diss. Syracuse ’79. LfgrE s.v. καί col. 1273f (lit.). DELG. M-M. EDNT. -
10 μαθητής
μαθητής, οῦ, ὁ (s. μανθάνω; Hdt.+; ins; BGU 1125, 9 [I B.C.]; POxy 1029, 25. In LXX only in two places in Jer [13:21; 20:11], and then as v.l. of codex A; AscIs 3:17, 21; Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Ar.) gener. ‘learner, pupil, disciple’① one who engages in learning through instruction from another, pupil, apprentice (in contrast to the teacher [Ath. 17, 3 μ. Δαιδάλου]; Did., Gen. 66, 25) Mt 10:24f; Lk 6:40 (TManson, The Teaching of Jesus, ’55, 237–40).② one who is rather constantly associated with someone who has a pedagogical reputation or a particular set of views, disciple, adherent (Pla., Apol. 33a; X., Mem. 1, 6, 3; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 5; Lucian, M. Peregr. 28 al.; Diog. L. 7, 7, 179; 8, 1, 3; 10, 11, 22; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 254 οἱ μ.; SIG 1094, 5f αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ; Jos., Ant. 9, 68; 13, 289), oft. w. an indication of the pers. whose disciple one is, mostly in the gen. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 176 Ἀριστοτέλους μ., Ant. 9, 33; 15, 3; Just., A I, 26, 4 τοῦ Σίμωνος; Tat. 39, 3 Ὀρφέως; Iren. 1, prologue 2 [Harv. I 4, 7] Οὐαλεντίνου; Theosophien 66 Φορφυρίου μ.).ⓐ μ. Ἰωάννου Mt 9:14a; 11:2; 14:12; Mk 2:18ab; 6:29; Lk 5:33; 7:18f; 11:1; J 1:35, 37; 3:25. τ. Μωϋσέως 9:28b τῶν Φαρισαίων Mt 22:16; Mk 2:18c τοῦ Πολυκάρπου MPol 22:2; EpilMosq 1.ⓑ esp. of the disciples of Jesus (of Paul: Orig., C. Cels. 1, 48, 70)α. of the Twelve οἱ δώδεκα μ. αὐτοῦ his twelve disciples Mt 10:1; 11:1; οἱ ἕνδεκα μ. 28:16. οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ (or w. another gen. of similar mng.; cp. Just., A I, 67, 7 τοῖς ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ μαθηταῖς; Just., D. 53, 1 al.; Did., Gen. 38, 21; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 10.—Yet it is somet. doubtful whether a particular pass. really means the Twelve and not a larger [s. β below] or smaller circle; EMartinez, CBQ 23, ’61, 281–92 [restricted to the 12, even in Mt 18]) Mt 8:21; 12:1; 15:2; Mk 5:31; 6:1, 35, 45; 8:27; Lk 8:9; J 2:2; 3:22 and oft. Also without a gen. (but freq. vv.ll. + αὐτοῦ) οἱ μ. Mt 13:10; 14:19; 16:5; Mk 8:1; 9:14; 10:24; Lk 9:16; J 4:31; 11:7f and oft.—LBrun, D. Berufung der ersten Jünger Jesu: SymbOsl 11, ’32, 35–54; SvanTilborg, The Jewish Leaders in Mt, ’72, 99–141; ULuz, Die Jünger im Mt, ZNW 62, ’71, 141–47; on the ‘beloved disciple’ of J 13:23 al. s. FFilson, JBL 68, ’49, 83–88; ETitus, ibid. ’50, 323–28; FNeirynck, The Anonymous Disciple in John 1: ETL 66, ’90, 5–37.β. of Jesus’ disciples, male and female, gener. ὄχλος πολὺς μ. αὐτοῦ a large crowd of his adherents Lk 6:17; ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μ. the whole crowd of the disciples 19:37. οἱ μ. αὐτοῦ ἱκανοί a large number of his disciples 7:11 v.l. πολλοὶ ἐκ (v.l. om.) τῶν μ. αὐτοῦ J 6:66.—Papias (2:4).γ. Even after Jesus’ resurrection those who followed him were called μ. (generations later, as Socrates is called the μ. of Homer: Dio Chrys. 38 [55], 3ff) οἱ μ. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 9:1; μ. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IMg 9:2 (opp. ὁ μόνος διδάσκαλος, who also had the prophets as his μαθηταί vs. 3; 10:1). Ac uses μ. almost exclusively to denote the members of the new community of believers (Just., D. 35, 2; s. Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 127f), so that it almost= Christian (cp. 11:26) 6:1f, 7; 9:19; 11:26, 29; 13:52; 15:10 al. τῶν μαθητῶν (without τινές) some Christians 21:16 (cp. X., Cyr. 1, 4, 20, An. 3, 5, 16; Herodas 2, 36 τῶν πορνέων; Polyaenus 5, 17, 2 καὶ ἦσαν τῶν Μακεδόνων).—καλοὶ μαθηταί IPol 2:1. Individuals (Aberciusins. 3: Ἀ., ὁ μ. ποιμένος ἁγνοῦ): Ananias Ac 9:10; Mnason 21:16b; Timothy 16:1.δ. The martyrs (s. on μάρτυς 3) are specif. called μ. κυρίου MPol 17:3. Also absol. μ. IEph 1:2; ITr 5:2; IRo 5:3; IPol 7:1. As long as a Christian’s blood has not been shed, the person is only a beginner in discipleship (IRo 5:3), not a μαθητὴς ἀληθῶς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 4:2.—For lit. s. on ἀπόστολος and s. also JWach, Meister and Jünger 1925; ESchweizer, Lordship and Discipleship, ’60, 464–66; GBornkamm, Bultmann Festschr., ’64, 171–91 (Mt 28:16–20)—B. 1225. DELG s.v. μανθάνω. M-M. TW. Sv.
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